Government plans to improve UK infrastructure by opening up vast public network
The British government is opening up over 13,000 miles of publicly-owned digital networks in a bid to help improve access to high-speed broadband in areas of the country that are not well served by existing providers.
The government, realising the necessity of high speed internet in the modern age has pledged to spend at least £1.5 billion of taxpayers’ money on public sector networks and infrastructure each year.
Until recently the government didn’t even possess comprehensive information on the expanse of this infrastructure. It is only in recent times that the extent of it has been fully documented. Much of its capacity has simply gone to waste while public sectors built their own networks – at great expense.
Under the new scheme, the government will publish a map of public sector communications and digital infrastructure, revealing the true extent of the networks currently owned and leased by the government.
These networks include fibre that span the railway networks and motorways in the UK, as well as the high security defence network, the N3 network used by health and social care services and JANET, used by research and education institutions.
The government has said that it has the capacity to expand and improve access to high speed broadband, particularly in many rural areas that are currently undeserved.
“In some cases we may not need to build further infrastructure, or we may find we are able to use spare capacity to supplement and enhance existing provision and connectivity,” the Cabinet Office said. “We’re going to collaborate to get this done. The review has focused on central government, but there will be other networks that the government owns out there and we would like to use this opportunity to invite other public sector bodies to identify their infrastructure and contribute to extending coverage.”
“We want to take full advantage of this existing capacity, avoiding wasteful duplication when buying additional resource,” Cabinet Office minister Francis Maude and culture minister Ed Vaizey said in a joint foreword to the report.
Mortgage rate war wages
A new war is under way in Britain as banks slash their mortgage rates. The last month alone has seen a drastic fall in prices of £1,700.
New deals have been offered by Britain’s largest banks since the start of 2015 offering borrowers lower rates and reduced fees. First Direct announced Friday that it would allow home owners to lock into a fixed rate of 2.89 per cent for 10 years – the lowest offered for quite some time. This follows similar offers from banks such as HSBC and Barclays.
Families who take the opportunity to re-mortgage could save as much as £1,690 over the next five years on a £200,000 loan. Fierce competition has forced banks to engage in a price war in order to win over custom in light of indications from the Bank of England to keep interest rates low.
Brokers are suggesting that prices may fall even lower, with predictions of deals below the two per cent mark for five year deals, and as low as one per cent for two year rates.
Mark Harris, of broker SPF Private Clients said: “Lenders are keen to advance more money this year and they’re cutting their prices to attract customers. Banks will hope to make money by selling customers other products such as current accounts and credit cards.”
Another broker, Aaron Strutt, of Trinity Financial said: “For fixed rates to go below 1 per cent would be extraordinary, but that now looks likely to happen very soon.”
Other notable deals this year include a two year fixed rate from HSBC of 1.19 per cent for customers with a 40 per cent deposit, down from a previous offer of 1.29 per cent.
With an 80 per cent deposit, the cheapest two year rate has dropped from 1.98 per cent to 1.79 per cent, offered by Marsden Building Society in a decision to undercut the Post Office.
The most significant savings can be found for those with a 10 per cent deposit. Just one month ago borrowers could get a five year loan from Skipton Building Society for 3.99 per cent with a £1,055 fee. Today, the cheapest five year rate is from Norwich & Peterborough at 3.84 per cent with a £1,285 fee.
Figures from London & County show that every type of borrower taking a mortgage today will be better off than in January.
The Bank of England voted on Thursday to keep interest rates at 0.5 per cent for the 71st successive month. Economists have said that falling inflation had reduced the urgency for hikes in the rate.
How low will petrol prices fall?
As crude oil prices continue to fall, consumers are making the most of the lowest petrol prices in six years.
Tesco, Morrisons, Sainsbury’s and Asda have all slashed the price of petrol and diesel at the pump, with a garage in Birmingham being the first to break the magical £1 a litre mark.
How much further can we expect prices to fall?
Simon Williams of RAC had this to say:
The decision of three forecourts in the West Midlands to sell petrol for under £1 a litre – last seen in 2009 – is clearly having a ripple effect on the supermarkets as they are continuing to bring their prices lower still.
With a barrel of oil now costing around $47, we are surely only weeks away from the milestone price of £1 a litre being a common sight at petrol stations up and down the country.
This will also have a very positive effect on reducing the average price of both petrol and diesel for motorists everywhere.
And, as the current oversupply of oil is believed to be part of a long-term Opec strategy to keep oil prices low, there is every reason to think that motorists may well enjoy low prices for some time to come.
However, we are now getting to a point where the share that the Treasury takes from the forecourt price is nearing 75%, which is a bitter pill for motorists and retailers.
We should perhaps be seeking a commitment from all the major political parties that they will not look to increase fuel duty in the next parliament.
Quentin Wilson, motoring journalist and lead campaigner for Fair Fuel UK
I think some of the investment banks, such as Goldman Sachs, are saying that oil is likely to drop to $40 a barrel this year. We’re getting to 99p a litre at some petrol stations now.
You could say petrol prices might drop to 85p if retailers react to oil prices.
Oil has reduced in price by 58% since June, yet petrol has only gone down 50% – clearly someone in the value chain is making a profit.
There’s pressure from me with my Fair Fuel UK campaign, and George Osborne, to lower petrol prices.
It’s a classic example of the rocket and feather effect. When oil prices go up, retailers and suppliers are quick to respond and prices at the pumps rocket the next day. But when oil prices go down, petrol prices fall as slow as a feather.
Petrol retailers blame the cost of refining and so on, but it doesn’t have to be like this. In France, for example, the price of petrol varies daily.
Consumers here are being disadvantaged, someone in the chain is hanging on the profit.
David Hunter, Schneider Electric energy management specialists
If oil prices fall to $40 a barrel, then a litre could fall to £1, based on the exchange rate staying stable, though there would be a delay on that feeding through to price at the pump.
Less than that would be unsustainable because of tax take, extraction and manufacture costs.
As the price [of oil] falls, the tax and duty proportion of the pump price rises as fuel duty is unchanged.
So in July the tax/duty mix accounted for around 60% of the total forecourt price. Now it’s knocking on the door of 70%. The pound has fallen by around 12% against the dollar since the mid-July oil price peak.
So we need to compare the sterling value of Brent with the price at the pumps, as this exchange rate weakness has acted as a brake on price falls to date.
Other costs such as transport, supply costs and retail margin may vary but won’t fall by anywhere near the same degree as the commodity.
There is a time delay between movements in the unrefined crude oil market and filtering through to the pumps. The crude oil has to be sold, transported to refinery, refined and distributed to the retailer before the price effect can be seen.
The refined fuel price can also de-couple from the price of Brent crude oil due to other factors.
For instance, high levels of refinery-finished product stocks would delay the fall in the crude oil price making its way to the pump, and also demand constraints or maintenance outages at refineries.
Swiss Franc Soars After Euro Peg Is Scrapped
The Swiss bank slashed interest rates to -0.75 percent, abandoning its control of the exchange rate. Causing the Swiss franc to rise by almost 30 percent against the euro.
The Swiss National Bank’s decision to scrap its exchange rate control saw the currency move to parity with the euro. Previously the franc was restricted to a maximum value of €0.83. Swiss stock markets immediately dived by more than 10 percent, sending the euro-franc currency markets into a state of panic.
Adding to the uncertainty in the region, there are expectations that the European Central Bank could launch a quantitative easing scheme in late January – further reducing the strength of the European single currency. “A further appreciation against the euro could have serious implications for the economy given that Switzerland has typically sent nearly half of its exports to the eurozone and about 10pc to the US,” said Jennifer McKeown, of Capital Economics.
Chief Executive of international payments company World First, said the Swiss National Bankhad effectively “thrown in the towel”. “This is a complete capitulation. The pressure and belief that the European Central Bank will launch a bond buying program in the coming week – further devaluing its currency – has been enough to make the Swiss National Bank step out of the way,” he said.
Steen Jakobsen, chief economist at Saxo Bank, said the move will come to be seen as rational.
“This will be seen as not only rational but also as the protection of long-term Swiss growth and inflation expectations,” he said. “The SNB is effectively acknowledging that the business cycle needs to run its course, the artificial weak CHF had the indirect consequence of inflating an already strong real estate market and placing Swiss monetary policy at the door of ECB.”
This decision by the SNB will cause many investors to reconsider their strategy. Traditionally, the franc has been seen as a safe haven and a stable currency partly due to the controls that have been in place since the financial crisis. The peg was originally implemented to stop the rise of the Swiss currency which was crippling exporters.
The SNB said that its minimum exchange rate mechanism had been “introduced during a period of exceptional overvaluation of the Swiss franc and an extremely high level of uncertainty on the financial markets”. It added: “This exceptional and temporary measure protected the Swiss economy from serious harm… the overvaluation has decreased as a whole since the introduction of the minimum exchange rate”.
Inflation Shrinks To All Time Low
In December of 2014 the UK saw inflation drop to a record breaking low of just 0.5 percent. This news has delighted British consumers, but could also hint at a more worrying prospect – a global deflation.
This new low marked the fourth time in a five month period that we have seen a fall in inflation. Currently the lowest since records began in 2000.
This was not totally unexpected. Analysts had predicted a fall of 0.7 percent at the start of December 2014, largely due to falling oil price and the pricing war currently waging between Britain’s supermarkets. The ONS said: “The fall came from the December 2013 gas and electricity price rises falling out of the calculation and the continuing drop in motor fuel prices.”
The CPI (Consumer Price Index) now stands one and a half percent out of line with the Bank of England’s two percent target. Governor of the Bank of England, Mark Carney, is now tasked with explaining the reasons for this to Chancellor George Osbourne. This will be the first time that Mr Carney has had to take such action since becoming governor in July of 2013.
New rules brought into effect in 2013 means that the letter does not have to be published until mid February, although it must also be accompanied by the minutes from the latest meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee. In the past such letters were required on the very same day as the inflation release.
Jeremy Cook, chief economist at currency firm World First, said that the joint impact of falling fuel and food costs “are hurting the inflation outlook in the UK … [while] this is not exactly bad news for the consumer or the economy as a whole”.
The price of oil has been pushed lower as a result of an increase in the global supply, thanks in part to the shale boom in the United States in recent times. Demand for oil has also slowed thanks to a weakened economies worldwide, particularly in the Euro-zone and China.
Economist still fear that inflation in the G7 countries will fall to levels not seen since the Great Depression of 1932. Even a seemingly small dip in inflation can cause significant economic repercussions. In the UK, inflation could fall lower still. Paul Hollingsworth, UK economist at Capital Economics, said that: “The further 20pc or so fall in oil prices since December’s average level looks set to push CPI inflation to a record low of around 0.2pc over the next couple of months.”
